První národní sčítání lidu Čínské lidové republiky - First National Population Census of the Peoples Republic of China - Wikipedia
The První sčítání lidu z Čínské lidové republiky (ČLR), označovaný také jako Sčítání lidu z roku 1953, provedla Čínská lidová republika s nulovou hodinou 30. června 1953. Výsledky byly shrnuty v čínských novinách 1. listopadu 1954. Protože úplné výsledky nebyly zveřejněny, musely být následně shromážděny ze sovětských zdrojů v průběhu příštích pěti let.
Výsledek
Celková populace
Oficiální souhrny uváděly celkovou populaci Pevninská Čína v roce 1953 jako 582 603 417.
Demografie
13,26% populace (77 257 282 osob) bylo uvedeno jako obyvatelé v městských oblastech zahrnujících 163 měst,[n 1] průmyslové a těžební obvody,[č. 2] a asi 1450 měst.[č. 3] Z městského obyvatelstva pobýval zhruba 1 z 12 obyvatel Šanghaj.
Rozdělení
| Město | Provincie / Obec / Region / Autonomní Region | Populace 1953 sčítání lidu[1][2] | Populace předchozí odhady[3][4] | Numerická změna | Relativní změna |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Huainan | Anhui | 286,900 | — | — | — |
| Bengbu | Anhui | 253,000 | 201,000 |  52,000 | 25.87% |
| Wuhu | Anhui | 242,100 | 204,000 | 38,100 | 18.68% |
| Hefei | Anhui | 183,600 | 70,000 | 113,600 | 162.3% |
| Anqing | Anhui | 105,300 | 121,000 |  15,700 | -12.98% |
| Tunxi | Anhui | >50,000 | — | — | — |
| Hangzhou | Zhejiang | 696,600 | 518,000 | 178,600 | 34.48% |
| Ningbo | Zhejiang | 237,500 | 210,000 | 27,500 | 13.10% |
| Wenzhou | Zhejiang | 201,600 | 157,000 | 44,600 | 28.41% |
| Shaoxing | Zhejiang | 130,600 | 93,000 | 37,600 | 40.43% |
| Jiaxing | Zhejiang | 78,300 | 53,000 | 25,300 | 47.7% |
| Huzhou | Zhejiang | 62,700 | 45,000 | 17,700 | 39.3% |
| Jinhua | Zhejiang | 46,200 | 23,000 | 23,200 | 101% |
| Fu-čou | Fujian | 553,000 | 331,000 | 222,000 | 67.1% |
| Xiamen | Fujian | 224,300 | 158,000 | 66,300 | 41.96% |
| Quanzhou | Fujian | 107,700 | 121,000 | 13,300 | -10.99% |
| Zhangzhou | Fujian | 81,200 | 62,000 | 19,200 | 31.0% |
| Harbin | Obec Harbin | 1,163,000 | 760,000 | 403,000 | 53.03% |
| Qiqihar | Heilongjiang | 344,700 | 175,000 | 169,700 | 96.97% |
| Mudanjiang | Songjiang | 151,400 | 200,000 | 48,600 | -24.3% |
| Jiamusi | Songjiang | 146,000 | 168,000 | 18,000 | -10.7% |
| Hegang | Songjiang | 90,000 | — | — | — |
| Zhengzhou | Henane | 594,700 | 197,000 | 397,700 | 201.9% |
| Kaifeng | Henane | 299,100 | 303,000 | 3,900 | -1.29% |
| Luoyang | Henane | 171,200 | 77,000 | 94,200 | 122.3% |
| Xinxiang | Henane | 170,500 | — | — | — |
| Shangqiu | Henane | 134,400 | 70,000 | 64,400 | 92.0% |
| Anyang | Henane | 124,900 | 60,000 | 64,900 | 108.2% |
| Zhoukou | Henane | 85,500 | 200,000 | 114,500 | -57.3% |
| Xuchang | Henane | 58,000 | 50,000 | 8,000 | 16.0% |
| Nanyang | Henane | >50,000 | 50,000 | — | — |
| Xinyang | Henane | >50,000 | — | — | — |
| Zhumadian | Henane | <50,000 | — | — | — |
| Luohe | Henane | <50,000 | — | — | — |
| Peking | Obec Peking | 2,768,149 | 1,603,000 | 1,165,000 | 72.68% |
| Tianjin | Obec Tianjin | 2,693,831 | 1,687,000 | 1,007,000 | 59.69% |
| Tchang-šan | Hebei | 693,300 | 137,000 | 556,300 | 406.1% |
| Shijiazhuang | Hebei | 373,400 | 125,000 | 248,400 | 198.7% |
| Zhangjiakou | Hebei | 229,300 | 151,000 | 78,300 | 51.85% |
| Baoding | Hebei | 197,000 | 130,000 | 67,000 | 51.5% |
| Qinhuangdao | Hebei | 186,800 | 100,000 | 86,800 | 86.80% |
| Město Xuanhua | Hebei | 114,100 | — | — | — |
| Chengde | Rehe | 92,900 | 60,000 | 32,900 | 54.8% |
| Město Hangu | Obec Tianjin | >50,000 | — | — | — |
| Handan | Hebei | >50,000 | — | — | — |
| Botou （Cangzhou） | Hebei | >50,000 | — | — | — |
| Xingtai | Hebei | >50,000 | — | — | — |
| Tongzhou | Hebei | >50,000 | — | — | — |
| Changsha | Hunan | 650,600 | 396,000 | 254,600 | 64.29% |
| Hengyang | Hunan | 235,000 | 181,000 | 54,000 | 29.8% |
| Xiangtan | Hunan | 183,600 | 83,000 | 100,600 | 121.2% |
| Zhuzhou | Hunan | 127,300 | — | — | — |
| Shaoyang | Hunan | 117,700 | 76,000 | 41,700 | 54.87% |
| Changde | Hunan | 94,800 | 50,000 | 44,800 | 89.6% |
| Jinshi （Changde） | Hunan | >50,000 | 58,000 | — | — |
| Yiyang | Hunan | >50,000 | 80,000 | — | — |
| Hongjiang | Hunan | <50,000 | — | — | — |
| Wuhan | Obec Wuhan | 1,427,300 | 1,100,000 | 327,300 | 29.73% |
| Huangshi | Hubei | 110,500 | — | — | — |
| Shashi City | Hubei | 85,800 | 114,000 | 28,200 | -24.7% |
| Xiangfan | Hubei | 73,300 | 66,000 | 7,300 | 11.1% |
| Yichang | Hubei | >50,000 | 81,000 | — | — |
| Baotou | Suiyuan | 149,400 | 82,000 | 67,400 | 82.2% |
| Guisui | Suiyuan | 148,400 | 110,000 | 38,400 | 34.9% |
| Ulanhot （Hinggan League） | Autonomní oblast Vnitřní Mongolsko | 51,400 | — | — | — |
| Hailar （Hulunbuir Nunmoron League） | Autonomní oblast Vnitřní Mongolsko | 43,200 | 16,000 | 27,200 | 170% |
| Manzhouli （Hulunbuir Nunmoron League） | Autonomní oblast Vnitřní Mongolsko | <50,000 | — | — | — |
| Tongliao （Jirem League） | Autonomní oblast Vnitřní Mongolsko | <50,000 | — | — | — |
| Lan-čou | Gansu | 387,400 | 156,000 | 231,400 | 148.3% |
| Tianshui | Gansu | 63,000 | 50,000 | 13,000 | 26% |
| Město Linxia | Gansu | >50,000 | — | — | — |
| Pingliang | Gansu | >50,000 | 55,000 | — | — |
| Nanchang | Jiangxi | 398,200 | 267,000 | 131,200 | 49.1% |
| Ganzhou | Jiangxi | 98,600 | 59,000 | 39,600 | 67.1% |
| Jingdezhen | Jiangxi | 92,000 | 87,000 | 5,000 | 5.7% |
| Jiujiang | Jiangxi | 64,600 | 121,000 | 56,400 | -46.6% |
| Ji'an | Jiangxi | 52,800 | 69,000 | 16,200 | -23.5% |
| Shangrao | Jiangxi | >50,000 | 31,000 | — | — |
| Šanghaj | Obec Šanghaj | 6,204,417 | 4,300,000 | 1,900,000 | 44.2% |
| Nanking | Jiangsu | 1,091,600 | 1,137,000 | 45,400 | -3.99% |
| Wuxi | Jiangsu | 581,500 | 273,000 | 308,500 | 113.0% |
| Suzhou | Jiangsu | 474,000 | 381,000 | 93,000 | 24.4% |
| Xuzhou | Jiangsu | 373,200 | 340,000 | 33,200 | 9.76% |
| Changzhou | Jiangsu | 296,500 | 125,000 | 171,500 | 137.2% |
| Nantong | Jiangsu | 260,400 | 133,000 | 127,400 | 95.79% |
| Xinhailian | Jiangsu | 207,600 | 48,000 | 159,600 | 332.5% |
| Zhenjiang | Jiangsu | 201,400 | 179,000 | 22,400 | 12.5% |
| Yangzhou | Jiangsu | 180,200 | 127,000 | 53,200 | 41.9% |
| Taizhou | Jiangsu | 159,800 | 131,000 | 28,800 | 22.0% |
| Čchang-šu | Jiangsu | 101,400 | 64,000 | 37,400 | 58.4% |
| Čching-ťiang | Jiangsu | 77,000 | 47,000 | 30,000 | 65% |
| Čchang-čchun | Obec Changchun | 855,200 | 630,000 | 225,200 | 35.75% |
| Jilin | Jilin | 435,400 | 247,000 | 188,400 | 76.28% |
| Tonghua | Liaodong | 129,100 | 80,000 | 49,100 | 61.4% |
| Usrkávání | Liaoxi | 125,900 | 76,000 | 49,900 | 65.7% |
| Liaoyuan | Liaodong | 120,100 | — | — | — |
| Yanji （Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture） | Jilin | 70,000 | 43,000 | 37,000 | 86% |
| Nanning | Guangxi | 194,900 | 203,000 | 8,100 | -4.0% |
| Liuzhou | Guangxi | 158,800 | 208,000 | 49,200 | -23.65% |
| Guilin | Guangxi | 145,100 | 142,000 | 3,100 | 2.18% |
| Wuzhou | Guangxi | 110,800 | 207,000 | 96,200 | -46.5% |
| Guangzhou | Obec Guangzhou | 1,598,900 | 1,413,000 | 185,900 | 13.16% |
| Shantou | Guangdong | 280,400 | 215,000 | 65,400 | 30.4% |
| Zhanjiang | Guangdong | 166,000 | 268,000 | 102,000 | -38.1% |
| Haikou | Guangdong | 135,300 | 60,000 | 75,300 | 126% |
| Foshan | Guangdong | 122,500 | 96,000 | 26,500 | 27.6% |
| Chaozhou | Guangdong | 101,300 | 59,000 | 42,300 | 71.7% |
| Jiangmen | Guangdong | 85,000 | 50,000 | 35,000 | 70% |
| Shaoguan | Guangdong | 81,700 | 73,000 | 8,700 | 11.9% |
| Beihai | Guangxi | >50,000 | 36,000 | — | — |
| Guiyang | Guizhou | 270,900 | 240,000 | 30,900 | 12.9% |
| Zunyi | Guizhou | 97,500 | 66,000 | 31,500 | 47.7% |
| Shenyang | Obec Shenyang | 2,299,900 | 1,121,000 | 1,178,900 | 105.1% |
| Dalian | Obec Lüda | 766,400 | 544,000 | 222,400 | 40.88% |
| Fushun | Obec Fushun | 678,600 | 280,000 | 398,600 | 142.4% |
| Anshan | Obec Anshan | 548,900 | 166,000 | 382,900 | 230.7% |
| Benxi | Obec Benxi | 449,000 | 98,000 | 351,000 | 358% |
| Andong | Liaodong | 360,000 | 271,000 | 89,000 | 32.8% |
| Jinzhou | Liaoxi | 352,200 | 148,000 | 104,200 | 70.4% |
| Fuxin | Liaoxi | 188,600 | 166,000 | 22,600 | 13.6% |
| Yingkou | Liaodong | 131,400 | 159,000 | 27,600 | -17.4% |
| Lüshun | Obec Lüda | 126,000 | 27,000 | 99,000 | 367% |
| Liaoyang | Liaodong | >100,000 | 102,000 | — | — |
| Yinchuan | Ningxia | 84,000 | 41,000 | 43,000 | 105% |
| Wuzhong | Ningxia | <50,000 | — | — | — |
| Taiyuan | Shanxi | 720,700 | 252,000 | 468,700 | 186.0% |
| Datong | Shanxi | 228,500 | 80,000 | 148,500 | 185.6% |
| Yangquan | Shanxi | 177,400 | — | — | — |
| Changzhi | Shanxi | 97,800 | — | — | — |
| Yuci | Shanxi | 60,000 | — | — | — |
| Čching-tao | Shandong | 916,800 | 788,000 | 128,800 | 16.35% |
| Jinan | Shandong | 680,100 | 575,000 | 105,100 | 18.3% |
| Zibo | Shandong | 184,200 | — | — | — |
| Weifang | Shandong | 148,900 | — | — | — |
| Jining | Shandong | 86,200 | 150,000 | 63,800 | -42.5% |
| Zhangzhou | Shandong | >50,000 | — | — | — |
| Linqing （Liaocheng） | Shandong | <50,000 | 50,000 | — | — |
| Dezhou | Shandong | <50,000 | — | — | — |
| Weihai | Shandong | <50,000 | 175,000 | — | — |
| Xi'an | Obec Xi'an | 787,300 | 503,000 | 284,300 | 56.52% |
| Baoji | Shaanxi | 130,100 | 56,000 | 84,100 | 150% |
| Hanzhong | Shaanxi | >50,000 | 59,000 | — | — |
| Xianyang | Shaanxi | >50,000 | 16,000 | — | — |
| Dihua | Sin-ťiang | 140,700 | 70,000 | 70,700 | 101% |
| Qulja | Sin-ťiang | 108,200 | — | — | — |
| Kašgar | Sin-ťiang | 91,000 | 50,000 | 41,000 | 82% |
| Čchung-čching | Obec Chongqing | 1,772,500 | 1,000,000 | 772,500 | 77.3% |
| Čcheng-tu | S'-čchuan | 856,700 | 648,000 | 208,700 | 32.21% |
| Zigong | S'-čchuan | 291,300 | 223,000 | 68,300 | 30.6% |
| Luzhou | S'-čchuan | 289,000 | 50,000 | 239,000 | 478% |
| Město Wutongqiao | S'-čchuan | 199,100 | — | — | — |
| Neijiang | S'-čchuan | 190,200 | 32,000 | 158,200 | 494% |
| Yibin | S'-čchuan | 177,500 | 80,000 | 97,500 | 121.9% |
| Nanchong | S'-čchuan | 164,700 | 60,000 | 104,700 | 174.5% |
| Beibei | Obec Chongqing | >100,000 | — | — | — |
| Ya'an | Xikang | 55,200 | — | — | — |
| Wanxian | S'-čchuan | >50,000 | 110,000 | — | — |
| Hechuan | S'-čchuan | >50,000 | 40,000 | — | — |
| Lhasa | Tibetská oblast | 50,000 | — | — | — |
| Xining | Qinghai | 93,700 | 59,000 | 34,700 | 58.8% |
| Kunming | Yunnan | 698,900 | 300,000 | 398,900 | 133.0% |
| Gejiu | Yunnan | 159,700 | 16,000 | 143,700 | 898% |
| Xiaguan City | Yunnan | 26,200 | — | — | — |
Kontroverze
Čína nikdy předtím neměla oficiální národní sčítání lidu v moderním období[5] a odhady jeho populace se ještě v roce 1911 pohybovaly mezi 200 000 000 a 400 000 000.[6] Nedůvěra PRC statistiky, které uváděly, že počet měst klesl z 60 pod EU Nacionalista vládu na 103 během čtyř let, což zahrnovalo „nepřímý průzkum“ několika oblastí včetně Tibet vedl některé západní akademiky, jako je George Cressey, k tvrzení: „Tyto nafouknuté údaje jsou navrženy tak, aby zapůsobily na svět silou Číny, podpořily žádosti o klesající úmrtnost nebo aby ospravedlnily nedostatek potravin.“[7]
Viz také
Poznámky
Reference
- ^ Shiger, A.G. Správně-teritoriální rozdělení zahraničních zemí, 2. vydání, s. 142–144. (Moskva), 1957 (sčítání lidu z roku 1953). Op cit. v Shabad, Theodore (1959). „Populace čínských měst“. Geografický přehled. 49 (1): 32–42. doi:10.2307/211567. JSTOR 211567.
- ^ Velká sovětská encyklopedie, 2. vydání (Moskva), 1958. Op cit. v Shabadu, výše.
- ^ >Trewartha, Glenn T. (prosinec 1951). "Čínská města: čísla a distribuce". Annals of the Association of American Geographers. 41 (4): 331–347. doi:10.1080/00045605109352078. JSTOR 2561073. Op cit. v Shabadu, výše.
- ^ Seltzer, L.E. (vyd.) Columbia Lippincott Gazetteer of the World. (New York), 1952 (s využitím předchozích průzkumů z roku 1948). Op cit. v Shabadu, výše.
- ^ Alexander, John W. (1948). „Předválečná populace Číny: distribuce a hustota“. Annals of the Association of American Geographers. 38 (1): 1–5. doi:10.1080/00045604809351965. JSTOR 2560922.
- ^ Encyklopedie Britannica. "Čína". 1911.
- ^ Cressey, George B. Země 500 milionů, str. 9. 1955. op. cit. v Shabadu, výše.